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Thumama ibn al-Walid
Thumāma ibn al-Walīd ibn Qa‘qā al-‘Absi‘ was an Arab general of noble lineage from Syria, who served the Abbasid Caliphate.
His family belonged to the old Arab tribal nobility (''ashraf'') and became affiliated with the Umayyad dynasty when Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (r. 685–705) married a cousin of Thumama's grandfather Qa'qa' ibn Khulayd al-'Absi. His father al-Walid served the Umayyads as general and governor of Qinnasrin, but was tortured to death along with Thumama's uncle Abd al-Malik and other family members when the two brothers opposed the accession of al-Walid II (r. 743–744).〔Crone (1980), pp. 105–106〕
Thumama survived the purge and served the Abbasids, who overthrew the Umayyads, as general against the Byzantine Empire.〔Crone (1980), p. 106〕 He led the annual summer raids into Byzantine Asia Minor in 777〔Kennedy (1990), pp. 187–188〕 and in 778, when he was defeated by the Byzantine general Michael Lachanodrakon.〔Kennedy (1990), p. 198〕 He was also placed in charge of the expedition in 779, but according to al-Tabari he failed to carry it out, and was replaced by al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba.〔Kennedy (1990), p. 206〕
Nothing more is known about Thumama, but his son Uthman was one of the local leaders of Qinnasrin who used the turmoil of the Fourth Fitna in the 810s to become virtually autonomous rulers of their localities.〔
== References ==
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